An Osteotomy is an operation that changes the alignment of the leg. This can be done for several reasons, though the most common is taking the pressure of a damaged, or arthritic, part of the knee in order to relieve pain and restore function without resorting to a knee replacement.. It is commonly performed in young, active patients who are developing arthritis in a localized part of the knee and wish to remain active. It is used to relieve pain and to slow the progression of arthritis, as well as allowing for the resumption of all activities without the restrictions imposed by a knee replacement. Occasionally an osteotomy is used to treat complex knee instability, and in association with cartilage repair or regeneration techniques. Osteotomy literally means to “cut bone”. After careful preoperative planning, one of the bones near the knee (usually the tibia or leg bone, but occasionally the femur or thigh bone) is precisely cut using a small saw to create an incomplete fracture. This cut is then slowly opened to create a wedge, the size of which determines the exact amount of correction. Using infra-red trackers fixed to both bones of the leg, and a receiver connected to a computer, the precise alignment of the entire leg can be measured and fine-tuned during the operation by altering the amount of opening (or size of the wedge). A small plate and screws is then used to hold the bone in place whilst it heals, and in many cases a bone graft is inserted into the created wedge to facilitate this healing process.
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